Causes of the Revolution
There were many causes of the Haitian Revolution, but the primary one was the horrible treatment and awful conditions of slavery, which was wide spread on the island. The rebels were inspired by the French Revolution, which was unprecedented in its own right.
Underlying Factors
Independence
Those who rebelled wanted to be their own independent country, free from colonial rule. The colonial rule had led to significant social inequities, and propped up the institution of slavery, allowing it to continue unopposed.
The harsh, abusive and despicable conditions of slavery
One of the main goals of the Haitian revolution was to end slavery. The harsh conditions of slavery, and the treatment of people as sub-human drove this rebellion. At its heart, it was a slave revolt.
The French Revolution and Enlightenment Ideals
Inspired by the French Revolution and the ideals of the Enlightenment, the rebels sought to create a more equitable society. The goal was to completely change everything at once, much like the French did, rather than focusing on one issue at a time, in the way the American Revolution attemped to fix economic issues.
Long-Term Tensions
Due to the Trans-Atlantic triangle trade, and chattel slavery with its especially harsh conditions in Haiti, there had long been anger brewing. This, paired with the massive wealth disparity, led to conditions perfect for a revolution.
The Spark
With conditions perfect for a revolt, the inspiring successs of the American Revolution, and the start of the French Revolution, the fuse was lit for the bomb that was the Haitian Revolution.